Adhesive Capsulitis ( Frozen Shoulder)
Condition of the shoulder characterized by functional loss of passive and active shoulder motion with no clear underlying cause
Thickening, fibrosis, and adherence of the capsule to itself and humerus
Mechanism of injury
primary, idiopathic form
post-traumatic (following proximal humerus fracture or immobilization for other upper extremity injury)
post-surgical (following rotator cuff repair or axillary dissection for malignancy)
Prognosis
self-limited disease
worse outcomes among diabetics
It's unusual for frozen shoulder to recur in the same shoulder, but some people can develop it in the opposite shoulder.
Clinical findings : general shoulder pain, symmetric loss of active and passive ROM ( comparing to contralateral side)
Although not necessary for diagnosis , Xrays should be obtained to evaluate for other pathology ( osteoarthritis, posterior dislocation).
MRI can show thickening of rotator cuff interval, and loss of axillary recess.
Treatment
Pain killers, NSAIDs, physical therapy
Intra articular Steroids injection ( + Physical therapy)
Mobilisation under general anesthesia
Capsular release under arthroscopy
